Archaeobotanical findings from Jebel Barkal (Sudan)
Résumé
This poster will present the recent archaeobotanical findings from the Jebel Barkal Archaeological Project, lead by Geoff Emberling from the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology and El-Hassan Ahmed Mohamed of the National Corporation of Antiquities and Museums (NCAM), Sudan. The project aims to investigate non-elite lifeways and residencies in the city from Napatan through Meroitic times (7th c BCE to 3rd C. CE), with the archaeobotanical analysis focussing more specifically on resilience and change of foodways in the face of changing climatic conditions.
Current results are predominantly from the 2020 season (Meroitic occupation), supplemented with materials from the 2022 and 2023 excavations which underwent flotation and analysis in 2023. The 2020 sample was relatively modest in size, with 244.2 litres of soil being sampled across fourteen loci, and with only a total of 1169 charred remains returned (of which 362 were unidentified small and large seed fragments). The food crops identified include six-row hulled barley (Hordeum hexastichum), wheat (Triticum sp.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare sensu lato.) (N=43), four lentils (Lens culinaris), one piece of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and six fragments of date stone (Phoenix dactylifera). One cotton seed (Gossypium sp.) has been recovered. Potentially, the seeds of alfalfa (Trifoliae: cf. Medicago sativa) have been identified (N=5). Some loci have returned evidence for food preparations in the form of charred food residue (N=68), which require further analysis.
The apparent reliance on a winter crop assemblage including wheat and barley at Jebel Barkal is in line with regional patterns, including Napatan Kawa (Fuller and Lucas, 2021). However, due to the statistically insignificant size of the analysed material so far, this observation needs to be quantified by incorporating the results of the analysis of the material from the 2022 and 2023 seasons. We hope to answer the questions raised by this preliminary data through more extensive sampling.
References:
Fuller, D. & Lucas, L. (2021) ‘Savanna on the Nile: Long-term agricultural diversification and intensification in Nubia', in Savanna on the Nile: Long-term agricultural diversification and intensification in Nubia. Oxford University Press, USA.
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