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                <title xml:lang="en">Colistin resistance in French poultry: positive impact of control efforts</title>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">Résistance aux antibiotiques</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Filière avicole</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Colistine</term>
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              <p>The aim of our project was to take stock of the prevalence and epidemiology of colistin resistance in French poultry, following the implementation of the Ecoantibio2 plan, and to correlate these results with usage data. Colistin susceptibility was performed by broth micro-dilution in 2,259 E. coli isolated from the caecal contents of broilers and turkeys sampled at slaughter between 2011 and 2020. The mcr genes involved in transferable colistin resistance were screened by PCR in the 48 resistant strains, and whole-genome sequencing was used to study the genetic diversity of the isolates. Data on colistin use were sourced from the French Veterinary Medicines Agency and poultry industry. Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess the relationship between exposure to colistin (polymyxins) and prevalence resistance. In 2020, the prevalence of colistin resistance in E. coli isolated randomly and non-targeted from poultry caecal contents since 2011 decreased, although not significantly, to 3% in turkey and 1% in broiler. This decrease correlates strongly with the -68% reduction in poultry exposure to colistin since 2014. Only the mcr-1 gene was detected among the 48 colistin-resistant E. coli. Most strains were not clonally related. The mcr gene was located in different types of plasmids carrying various other antibiotic resistance genes. The reduction in colistin resistance in poultry in France reflect a positive result of different action plans and control efforts to reduce the use of colistin in livestock.</p>
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              <p>L’objectif de notre projet était de faire un état des lieux de la prévalence et de l’épidémiologie de la résistance à la colistine chez la volaille en France, après la mise en place du plan Ecoantibio2 et de corréler ces résultats avec les données d’utilisation. La sensibilité à la colistine a été mesurée par micro-dilution en milieu liquide chez 2259 E. coli isolés de contenu caecal de poulets de chair et de dindes prélevés à l'abattoir entre 2011 et 2020. Les gènes mcr, impliqués dans la résistance transférable à la colistine, ont été recherchés par PCR chez les souches résistantes et le séquençage du génome entier a permis d’étudier la diversité génétique des isolats. Les données d’usage de colistine (polymyxines) provenaient de l’Agence du médicament vétérinaire et des professionnels de la filière avicole. La corrélation de rang de Spearman a été utilisée pour évaluer la relation entre l'exposition à la colistine et la prévalence de la résistance. En 2020, la prévalence de la résistance à la colistine chez les E. coli isolés de manière aléatoire et non ciblée dans les contenus caecaux de volaille depuis 2011, a diminué, sans que ce soit significatif, pour atteindre 3% chez la dinde et 1% chez le poulet de chair. Cette diminution est fortement corrélée avec la réduction de -68 % de l'exposition des volailles à la colistine depuis 2014. Seul le gène mcr-1 a été détecté parmi les 48 E. coli résistants à la colistine. La plupart des souches n'avaient pas de relation clonale. Le gène mcr était situé dans différents types de plasmides, porteurs de divers autres gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques. La diminution de la résistance à la colistine chez les volailles en France peut être considérée comme un résultat positif des différents plans d'action et efforts de maitrise visant à réduire l'utilisation de la colistine en élevage.</p>
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